At a glance
How 10,398 first tests went in 2025.
- Passed first time
- 75 in every 100
- Did not pass first time
- 25 in every 1002,646 failed first-attempt tests
- The typical car
- 14 yearsabout 135,171 miles
- First tests counted
- 10,398
What failed most often
- Individual sidelight or tail light (front)13 in every 100 failed tests
- Coil spring (front)12 in every 100 failed tests
- Suspension arm ball joint (front)12 in every 100 failed tests
How we count this. Data: UK MOT open data, 2025. Only Class 4 cars on their first MOT of the year are counted. A car that fails and is fixed at the test station still counts as a fail in the first-attempt rate. These are raw results, not adjusted for age, mileage, or peer mix. The MOT does not test engine or gearbox internals.
These are patterns across 2011 BMW 5 Series vehicles in 2025, not a prediction that any one car will have them. Faults are grouped by part of the car. A wear pattern follows age and use more than the way the car was built. They come from MOT defect codes, not manufacturer bulletins, recalls or a diagnosis of any one car.
Lamps and electrical
Three faults. The strongest is the headlight levelling device: 7.6 times as often as on similar cars.
Figures below are measured across the 2,645 of 2,646 failed first attempts that recorded an odometer reading in 2025. Mileage is needed to compare like with like.
We only list faults with at least 20 failures and a rate of about 2.0 times that of similar cars, which keeps one-off results out of the list.
Headlight levelling device
What it means
A headlamp levelling device that is inoperative is graded Major, and so is a manual levelling device that cannot be operated from the driver's seat. Vehicles with high intensity discharge or LED dipped beam headlamps may have a self-levelling system, and if fitted it must work. Where it is not easy to tell, testers give the benefit of the doubt, and motor caravans are not checked.
Individual direction indicators (front)
What it means
Direction indicators must be amber, though vehicles first used before a set date may have white at the front and red at the rear when the indicators are combined with stop or position lamps, and sequential or dynamic ones are not a reason to fail. A lamp that is missing, inoperative or has more than half of a multiple light source not functioning is graded Major. A flashing rate outside the permitted range is graded Minor.
Side repeater indicators
What it means
Sequential or dynamic direction indicators are not a reason to fail. Where a side repeater is required, it is allowed to be part of the front direction indicator if it has a marked wraparound lens, or an amber light coming through the front lens when viewed from a set distance to the side of the rear bumper. A lens defect with no effect on the emitted light is Minor, and one that adversely affects the light is Major.
Data: UK MOT open data, 2025. Compared with cars of the same age and mileage.
Tyres
Two wear patterns. The strongest is the tyre tread depth (rear): 2.2 times as often as on similar cars.
Tyre tread depth (rear)
What it means
Only primary grooves count when tread depth is assessed: those holding the wear indicators, or cut as deep as those when new. Shallower secondary grooves are ignored. Tread depth below the minimum for the vehicle is Dangerous, and so is a pattern not visible over the whole tread, but that second row applies only to vehicles that need the lower minimum.
Tyre condition (rear)
What it means
Exposed or damaged ply or cords are graded Dangerous. A cut in excess of the requirements and deep enough to reach the ply or cords is Major, and testers may open the cut with a blunt instrument to check its depth. A tyre contacting the vehicle through flexing or suspension movement is not a defect; fouling fails only at the time of test.
Data: UK MOT open data, 2025. Compared with cars of the same age and mileage.
Advisories
Other things testers noted as worn or close to failing, more often than on similar cars.
An advisory is a note from the tester about something that has not failed yet. It is an early warning, not a fail.
Propeller shaft flexible couplings (rear)
Transmission oil leaks (rear)
Suspension arm ball joint (front)
Data: UK MOT open data, 2025. Counts cover advisories recorded on failed first tests only, compared with cars of the same age and mileage.
MOT pass rates
How first tests ended, and how the pass rates are counted.
- Passed first time
- 75in every 100
- Passed on the first test.
- Fixed at the station
- 4in every 100
- Failed, then fixed at the test station the same day.
- Failed
- 21in every 100
- Did not pass, and were not fixed at the test station.
First-attempt pass 74.6% of 10,398 first tests (2025): only cars that passed first time count. Official-style pass 78.9%: cars fixed at the test station also count as a pass. The 4 fixed and the 21 not fixed make the 25 in every 100 that did not pass first time.
Petrol and diesel
Figures are in every 100 first tests.
Same model, other years
Passed first time in every 100, all tested in 2025.
Newer cars are younger, so look for a jump rather than the climb. A year earlier (2024), when these cars were a year younger, 73 in every 100 passed first time.
| Year | Passed first time | First tests |
|---|---|---|
| 1997 | 65 in every 100 | 342 |
| 1998 | 65 in every 100 | 644 |
| 1999 | 64 in every 100 | 773 |
| 2000 | 67 in every 100 | 909 |
| 2001 | 67 in every 100 | 1,344 |
| 2002 | 67 in every 100 | 1,907 |
| 2003 | 65 in every 100 | 1,975 |
| 2004 | 68 in every 100 | 2,213 |
| 2005 | 69 in every 100 | 3,566 |
| 2006 | 68 in every 100 | 5,221 |
| 2007 | 69 in every 100 | 6,531 |
| 2008 | 72 in every 100 | 5,692 |
| 2009 | 71 in every 100 | 6,190 |
| 2010 | 73 in every 100 | 7,321 |
| 2011 This car | 75 in every 100 | 10,398 |
| 2012 | 73 in every 100 | 12,639 |
| 2013 | 76 in every 100 | 13,282 |
| 2014 | 81 in every 100 | 14,992 |
| 2015 | 83 in every 100 | 15,867 |
| 2016 | 85 in every 100 | 14,582 |
| 2017 | 84 in every 100 | 14,034 |
| 2018 | 86 in every 100 | 17,248 |
| 2019 | 87 in every 100 | 14,339 |
| 2020 | 88 in every 100 | 7,890 |
| 2021 | 87 in every 100 | 5,362 |
| 2022 | 86 in every 100 | 6,182 |
If you are buying one
What this year's MOT record means for the decision in front of you.
Mileage makes a modest difference on a 2011 BMW 5 Series.
Of 2011 BMW 5 Series vehicles with under 102,000 miles, 77 in every 100 passed their 2025 MOT first time. With 170,000 miles or more, 74 in every 100 did.
What to check at your mileage
How often each fault turned up on a failed first test, by the car's mileage. Read it as: what is likely to need looking at on a car like the one in front of you.
| Under 102,000 | 125,000–145,000 | 170,000 and over | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Individual sidelight or tail light (front) | 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.9 |
| Coil spring (front) | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.4 |
| Suspension arm ball joint (front) | 1.7 | 3.3 | 3.5 |
| Tyre condition (rear) | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.8 |
| Tyre tread depth (rear) | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.2 |
Faults per 100 first tests, by the car's mileage at the test.
When a car fails
of failed cars had one item to fix.
of failed cars had three or more items to fix.
of all first tests had a defect the tester marked dangerous (unsafe to drive away).
Every figure here is a first-attempt MOT rate from DVSA open data for this model line, for cars of this model year tested in 2025. Each mileage band holds a fifth of the tests. MOTs do not test engine or gearbox internals, so this is a pre-purchase checklist, not a full reliability score.
FAQs
Short answers about how to read this model-year guide.
About this data
How this page is built and what it can (and can't) say.
These figures come from UK MOT open data for this model year. We surface common failure patterns against similar cars, not a full reliability score, and not a pass/fail verdict on any individual vehicle.
What we include
UK Class 4 cars only. Normal MOT tests (not retests); first test per vehicle per calendar year; results pass, PRS, or fail.
Same-day repairs
PRS means the car failed items that were fixed at the test station and then passed the same day. We count PRS as a first-attempt fail in headline rates so same-day repairs do not hide problems.
How we compare
We compare this model year with other Class 4 cars of similar age and mileage in the same test year. This model family is left out of the peer group so the car is not measured against itself.
What this does not cover
- MOTs do not cover engine internals, gearboxes, or many electronics; this is not a full reliability score.
- Common faults come from MOT defect stats, not manufacturer TSBs or recalls.
- Age and mileage matching reduces, but does not remove, differences in how cars were used and maintained.
- If the data for a car is too thin to say anything useful, we say so rather than guess.
Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.
Check any vehicle’s MOT history
Full MOT history, mileage records, and reliability insights for any UK vehicle.
Run a free check